No, and here's why …
Short answer is that you can't. You need information (data) to analyse and from which you can draw conclusions.
I know of several cases that had no literature review because nothing had been written on the topic, but the research was ethnographic so they depended on lots of interviewees as sources. It is now very rare to find research topics on which nothing has already been written.
Yes, it is allowed. In fact, you might even find that it is necessary because the literature review should represent the current state of research on the topic. The catch is that you must still give full references, as if it was somebody else’s work. This prevents self-plagiarism, which is the banned practice of recycling your previous work as if it were new. If you self-plagiarize, the penalties in your institution will probably be the same as those for any other kind of plagiarism.
I can't see how students could do too much relevant research, but they often do too much irrelevant research. They easily get interested in topics that are irrelevant to their dissertation, then go off on a sidetrack and do lots of reading that is not helpful.
Perhaps less often:
A friend doing a doctorate complained about lack of journal articles on her topic. However, within (literally) a minute, I’d got a list of about 1,500 refereed journal articles. Even if only 10% are useful, that is still a lot of reading.
Many items are free on the internet and there are many websites. These are my favorites:
Other than that, if you know of a title that looks promising, use Google advanced search. There will probably be a copy for free somewhere.
Learn how to use key words to focus your search. In fact, most journals require authors to list key words so that articles will be easier to find.
If you need to search for a specific phrase, try Google advanced search, which is not the same as the regular Google or Google scholar. This is especially useful if you find something in the references of an article you found. Many articles are behind a paywall, but are often also somewhere else on the net for free. (For some reason, these publishers try to get payment for articles that are no longer recent.)
Search engines tend to list search results in this order:
First, how comprehensive and up to date is the literature review? Expectations vary between university departments.
Second, how well-supported is your choice of topic? Does the current literature demonstrate a need or a gap?
Third, do you have enough to support your conclusions? Is the evidence firm? Would an alternative or contrasting conclusion still be plausible?
If your review covers a wide enough breadth of the literature, you will be able to identify biases and assumptions quite easily.
You can and normally should include all serious research on your topic. You seldom need to avoid biased research unless it is quite wacky. You should give a critique that identifies any biases. This is especially important in history, where everybody comes with particular perspectives.
Yes, you can. Abstracts usually come with the full publication details (for your bibliography) and enough information for a brief mention of what the writer did and the results.
However, you’ll need the full text if you need to do much analysis or critique. You could search the internet for a free copy because it's probably somewhere for free. Otherwise you'll have to pay for a copy.